1057. Campus Bikes

On a campus represented as a 2D grid, there are N workers and M bikes, with N <= M. Each worker and bike is a 2D coordinate on this grid.

Our goal is to assign a bike to each worker. Among the available bikes and workers, we choose the (worker, bike) pair with the shortest Manhattan distance between each other, and assign the bike to that worker. (If there are multiple (worker, bike) pairs with the same shortest Manhattan distance, we choose the pair with the smallest worker index; if there are multiple ways to do that, we choose the pair with the smallest bike index). We repeat this process until there are no available workers.

The Manhattan distance between two points p1 and p2 is Manhattan(p1, p2) = |p1.x - p2.x| + |p1.y - p2.y|.

Return a vector ans of length N, where ans[i] is the index (0-indexed) of the bike that the i-th worker is assigned to.

Example 1:

Input: workers = [[0,0],[2,1]], bikes = [[1,2],[3,3]]
Output: [1,0]
Explanation: 
Worker 1 grabs Bike 0 as they are closest (without ties), and Worker 0 is assigned Bike 1. So the output is [1, 0].

Example 2:

Input: workers = [[0,0],[1,1],[2,0]], bikes = [[1,0],[2,2],[2,1]]
Output: [0,2,1]
Explanation: 
Worker 0 grabs Bike 0 at first. Worker 1 and Worker 2 share the same distance to Bike 2, thus Worker 1 is assigned to Bike 2, and Worker 2 will take Bike 1. So the output is [0,2,1].

Note:

1. 0 <= workers[i][j], bikes[i][j] < 1000

2. All worker and bike locations are distinct.

3. 1 <= workers.length <= bikes.length <= 1000

解题要点：

记录worker和bike的index，并算出距离，把这三个元素以tuple的形式放到容器里，根据距离从小到大排序。然后放到返回值里，用set来判断是否有重复（容器内有重复值）。

class Solution(object):
    def assignBikes(self, workers, bikes):
        """
        :type workers: List[List[int]]
        :type bikes: List[List[int]]
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        distances = []
        for i, worker in enumerate(workers):
            for j, bike in enumerate(bikes):
                distance = abs(worker[0] - bike[0]) + abs(worker[1] - bike[1])
                distances.append((distance, i, j))
        distances.sort()
        
        eleset = set()
        res = [-1] * len(workers)
        for d, w, b in distances:
            if res[w] == -1 and b not in eleset:
                res[w] = b
                eleset.add(b)
        return res